Welcome to your Echo - CVT- Noninvasive Name Email 1. [The patient shown here has: (fig)] Severe mitral regurgitation Severe mitral stenosis Severe aortic stenosis Mild mitral regurgitation None Comment . 2. [The major diameter of the mitral annulus is best imaged from:] Apical two-chamber view Apical long axis view Apical five-chamber view Parasternal long axis view None . 3. [This effective regurgitant orifice (ERO) area of 0.5 cm2 represents:] Mild mitral regurgitation (MR) Moderate MR Severe MR Severity cannot be detected None . 4. [When using a fixed-focus probe this parameter cannot be changed by the sonographer:] Pulse repetition period Pulse repetition frequency Amplitude Wavelength None . 5. [This patient’s bilateral Staphylococcus lung abscesses are likely due to: (fig)] Tricuspid valve endocarditis Pulmonary valve endocarditis Catheter-related infection of superior vena cava and right atrium (RA) None of the above None Comment . 6. [Which of the following manipulations will increase the frame rate?] Increase depth Increase transmit frequency Decrease sector angle Increase transmit power None . 7. [Image quality on an ultrasound scan is dark throughout? What is the first best step to take?] Increase output power Increase receiver gain Change to a higher frequency transducer Decrease receiver gain None . 8. [A 52-year-old patient with a 31mm St. Jude mitral valve has severe shortness of breath. Left ventricular function and aortic valve are normal. The disk motion of the prosthetic valve is normal. Analysis of transmitral flow with continuous wave Doppler revealed an E-wave velocity of 2.6 m/s, A-wave velocity of 0.6 m/s, E-wave pressure half-time of 40 ms, diastolic mean gradient of 6mmHg at a heart rate of 60/min, and isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) of 30 ms. This patient is likely to have:] Mitral regurgitation Pannus growth into the prosthetic valve Prosthetic valve thrombosis Normal prosthetic valve function None . 9. [Approximately how many pulses are required to obtain one line of color Doppler information?] 1 100 10 10 000 None . 10. [False-positive rate for stress echocardiography is high for which group of patients:] Low probability of coronary artery disease (CAD) Intermediate probability of CAD High probability of CAD Independent of CAD None . 11. [A patient has mild mitral regurgitation and the time taken for mitral regurgitation velocity to drop from 3 m/s velocity to 1 m/s on continuous wave Doppler examination was 40 ms. The average rate of LV pressure decay in this patient is:] 3600mmHg/s 1280mm/s 800mm/s 400mm/s None . 12. [This patient has: (fig)] Mitral atresia Tricuspid atresia Transposition of great vessels with atrial baffle Epstein’s anomaly None Comment . 13. [The structure indicated by the arrow is: (fig)] Main pulmonary artery (PA) Ascending aorta Descending aorta None of the above None Comment . 14. [The MR flow rate in this patient (PISA radius of 0.9 cm, aliasing velocity of 38 cm/s) is approximately: (fig)] 200 cc/s 200 cc/min 100 cc/min 100 cc/s None Comment . 15. [For a given regurgitant volume, all of the following result in a reduction in the jet size except:] Fast heart rate Doubling the sector angle Increasing the imaging depth D. Increasing the blood pressure None . 16. [A 42-year-old woman presented with complaints of shortness of breath. An echocardiogram was obtaine Dynamic images showed an LV ejection fraction of 50% with abnormal appearance of the apex. Filling pressures were high, valves were normal. She had normal electrocardiogram, comprehensive and complete blood count except an eosinophil count of 20%. The appearance of the LV apex is suggestive of: (fig)] LV apical thrombus LV noncompaction Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Endomyocardial fibrosis None Comment . 17. [The mitral inflow pattern is consistent with: (fig)] Severe mitral regurgitation Severe mitral stenosis Prosthetic mitral valve Atrial fibrillation None Comment . 18. [This signal shown here is likely to be caused by: (fig)] HOCM Critical valvular aortic stenosis Acute mitral regurgitation (MR) None of the above None Comment . 19. [This is a TEE image from the midesophageal position from patient in question 461.The arrow points to: (fig)] Mild TR Moderate TR Severe TR None of the above None Comment . 20. [The Nyquist limit can be increased by:] Increasing the PRF Reducing the PRF Neither None . Time's upTime is Up!
