Welcome to your Echo - CVT- Noninvasive Name Email 1. [Sound travels faster in a medium with which of the following characteristics?] High density, low stiffness Low density, high stiffness High density, high stiffness Low density, low stiffness None . 2. [The structure indicated by the arrow is: (fig)] Descending thoracic aorta Coronary sinus Inferior vena cava Circumflex coronary artery None Comment . 3. [If the propagation speed through medium 2 is greater than the propagation speed through medium 1 the transmission angle will be _______ the incidence angle.] Lesser Greater Equal to Cannot be determined None . 4. [What does the image show? (fig)] Normal appearance of the LV Catheter in the pleural space Catheter in the pericardial space None Comment . 5. [Effective regurgitant orifice area by the proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA) method is an example of:] Law of conservation of mass Law of conservation of energy Law of conservation of momentum None of the above None . 6. [Prosthetic valve gradients are increased in following conditions except:] Anemia Febrile state LV diastolic dysfunction Hyperthyroidism None . 7. [TEE was performed intraoperatively following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) because of failure to wean from cardiopulmonary bypass. It showed akinetic inferior wall with 3+ mitral regurgitation originating at the medial commissure. These findings were not present preoperatively. The inferior wall looked excessively bright. Most likely problem in this patient is:] Air embolism into right coronary artery (RCA) Thrombosis of RCA graft Excessively high blood pressure Excessive intravascular volume Poor myocardial preservation None . 8. [In a person with LV dysfunction, compared to a normal individual, a graph showing end systolic wall stress (ESWS) on the x-axis and end systolic volume (ESV) on the y-axis, would be:] Steeper Flatter None of the above None . 9. [The M-mode echocardiogram is suggestive of: (fig)] Normal mitral valve motion Mitral stenosis Severe aortic regurgitation High left atrial pressure None Comment . 10. [The origin of the dissection is from: (fig)] Above the left coronary cusp Above the right coronary cusp Above the noncoronary cusp None of the above None Comment . 11. [This patient is likely to have: (fig)] Systolic murmur accentuated by Valsalva maneuver Early peaking systolic murmur Early diastolic murmur heard in sitting position at end expiration A middiastolic murmur best heard with the bell in left lateral position None Comment . 12. [Doppler calculation of aortic valve area is an example of:] Law of conservation of mass Law of conservation of energy Law of conservation of momentum None of the above None . 13. [In this TEE image, downward pointing arrow refers to: (fig)] Aortic valve Vegetation on the aortic valve Aortic subvalvular membrane Aortic dissection None Comment . 14. [This patient had secundum ASD fairly circular with a diameter of 2 cm. The heart rate was 61/min. The approximate shunt flow would be: (fig)] 5 L/min 7.4 L/min 13 L/min 20 L/min None Comment . 15. [This continuous wave Doppler signal is indicative of: (fig)] Acute severe aortic regurgitation (AR) Chronic compensated AR Severe aortic stenosis (AS) Severe mixed mitral valve disease None Comment . 16. [The part of the anatomy and measurement indicated by the line is: (fig)] The sino-tubular junction Sinus diameter Sinus height Aortic annular diameter None Comment . 17. [All of the following factors affect pulmonary vein A-wave amplitude except:] LV end diastolic stiffness Left atrial function Pulmonary vein diameter Heart rate Pulmonary artery pressure None . 18. [This patient is likely to have: (fig)] Normal pulmonary artery (PA) flow Pulmonary hypertension approaching systemic pressure Nonsignificant amount of flow from RV to PA None of the above None Comment . 19. [The factor least likely to affect the mitral E/A ratio is:] Tau Modulus of LV chamber stiffness Left atrial pressure LV elastic recoil Cardioversion for atrial fibrillation performed 2 h ago Pulmonary artery pressure None . 20. [Reflected ultrasound from an object moving away from the sound source will have a frequency:] Higher than original sound Lower than the original sound Same as the original sound Variable, depending on source of sound and velocity of the moving object None . Time's upTime is Up!
